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The purpose of this paper is to explore the concept of opportunity and its role in social entrepreneurship processes.

The paper presents a single‐case study of a sustainable community in Denmark. The data include interviews, documents and television programmes.

The case study finds that the opportunity takes a number of different forms in the process. These different forms are the result of a continuous mobilisation of actors. On the basis of these findings a model of social entrepreneurship processes is proposed, where the process is driven by mobilisation and transformation.

The findings of the case provide support for a creation view of opportunities and the view that opportunity discovery does not necessarily precede resource mobilisation. The proposed model contributes to the development of the creation view of opportunities as an alternative to the discovery view and to understanding of the role of opportunities in the social entrepreneurship process.

The findings suggest that the social entrepreneur is one who actively creates external circumstances rather than responds to opportunities already present therein. This implies a focus on different skills and ways of thinking.

The paper presents a model of social entrepreneurship processes grounded in a deep understanding of an empirical setting. The findings and model question the value of the discovery view of opportunities in the field of social entrepreneurship, while contributing to the development of the creation view of opportunities.

The descriptions of economic policy reforms and performance in the Baltic States and Russia are based on adapted statistical material collected by the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

The fruitful development of the theory of elites within the framework of democratic societies, naturally presupposes ample empirical work, allowing broad descriptions of elite structure. Unfortunately, representative data on modern social elites are still relatively scarce. The most ambitious attempt to cover elite formation in Europe is restricted to the political sphere, a large longitudinal data set on parliamentary elites, covering members of parliament in 12 European countries over a period of 150 years (Best & Cotta, 2000). On a more ad hoc basis data sets covering broader sections of European national elites have been collected in Germany, the Nordic countries, and Eastern Europe. These data sets are utilized in several of the articles in the present volume.

Depending on the research approach one uses, the development of particular bodies of knowledge over time is the result of a combination of agency, chance, opportunity, patronage, power, or structure. This particular account of the development of geographies of tourism stresses its place as understood within the context of different approaches, different research behaviors and foci, and its location within the wider research community and society. The chapter charts the development of different epistemological, methodological, and theoretical traditions over time, their rise and fall, and, in some cases, rediscovery. The chapter concludes that the marketization of academic production will have an increasingly important influence on the nature and direction of tourism geographies.

From pilot reports, field measurements and numerical simulations, it is known that wake vortices may persist within the glide path in ground proximity, leading to an increased encounter risk. This paper aims to investigate wake vortex behaviour during final approach and landing to understand why landings can be safe nevertheless. Further, it is investigated whether and to which extent the installation of plate lines beyond the runway tails may further accelerate wake vortex decay and thus improve safety by reducing the number of wake vortex encounters.

A hybrid numerical simulation approach is used to investigate vortex evolution from roll-up until final decay during the landing manoeuvre. The simulations are complemented by field measurement data accomplished at Munich Airport and at Special Airport Oberpfaffenhofen.

During touchdown, the so-called end effects trigger pressure disturbances and helical vortex structures that appear to ensure vortex decay rates in ground proximity needed to guarantee the required safety targets of aviation. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) measurements indicate that vortex decay indeed can be accelerated by a plate line installed on the ground surface. The lifetime of the most safety relevant, long-lived and strongest vortices can be reduced by one-third.

The installation of plate lines beyond the runway tails may improve safety by reducing the number of wake vortex encounters and increase the efficiency of wake vortex advisory systems.

The novel numerical simulation technique and the acquired insights into the wake vortex phenomena occurring during landing as well as the demonstration of the functionality of the patented plate line provide high originality and value for both science and operational application.

In preparing this report, the compliance sub‐group has set out to (a) summarise the current compliance regime as a matter of law and practice, (b) identify particular problem areas within that regime concerning public sector officials (PSOs), and (c) suggest recommendations for change. The result may be seen as providing features of a ‘model’ compliance structure designed to cause difficulties for corrupt PSOs seeking to launder the proceeds of their corruption; UK law and practice has formed the springboard for the model, but it should be stressed that in order to be of any utility any suggested changes would have to be adopted (effectively) universally throughout the financial world. Piecemeal adoption by one or a few states would merely be likely to drive the tainted monies elsewhere, and would not serve the desired purpose of reducing the extent/profitability of corruption.

Service design is a multidisciplinary approach that plays a key role in fostering service innovation. However, the lack of a comprehensive understanding of its multiple perspectives hampers this potential to be realized. Through an activity theory lens, the purpose of this paper is to examine core areas that inform service design, identifying shared concerns and complementary contributions.

The study involved a literature review in two stages, followed by a qualitative study based on selected focus groups. The first literature review identified core areas that contribute to service design. Based on this identification, the second literature review examined 135 references suggested by 13 world-leading researchers in this field. These references were qualitatively analyzed using the NVivo software. Results were validated and complemented by six multidisciplinary focus groups with service research centers in five countries.

Six core areas were identified and characterized as contributing to service design: service research, design, marketing, operations management, information systems and interaction design. Data analysis shows the various goals, objects, approaches and outcomes that multidisciplinary perspectives bring to service design, supporting them to enable service innovation.

This paper supports service design teams to better communicate and collaborate by providing an in-depth understanding of the multiple contributions they can integrate to create the conditions for new service.

This paper identifies and examines the core areas that inform service design, their shared concerns, complementarities and how they contribute to foster new forms of value co-creation, building a common ground to advance this approach and leverage its impact on service innovation.

The Deutscher Verband für Schweisstechnik (German Welding Society) made a very judicious and much appreciated choice of venue for its Third International Conference on 18–20 February, 1986, on Interconnection Technology in Electronics. Fellbach, less than 10 km from the Schlossplatz in Stuttgart, and whose past profile was shaped almost entirely by winegrowing, has become since the opening in 1976 of the Schwabenlandhalle a town renowned equally for its significance as a conference centre. With the vine‐crowned Kappelberg hill dominating the town and commanding views to the Neckar Valley, Swabian hospitality and friendliness at its best, and a most impressive congress hall with excellent facilities in picturesque snow‐clad surroundings, the ingredients for providing a conference venue conducive to an optimum interchange of technological information were certainly present.

Wake vortices that are generated by an aircraft as a consequence of lift constitute a potential danger to the following aircraft. To predict and avoid dangerous situations, wake vortex transport and decay models have been developed. Being based on different model physics, they can complement each other with their individual strengths. This paper investigates the skill of a Multi-Model Ensemble (MME) approach to improve prediction performance. Therefore, this paper aims to use wake vortex models developed by NASA (APA3.2, APA3.4, TDP2.1) and by DLR (P2P). Furthermore, this paper analyzes the possibility to use the ensemble spread to compute uncertainty envelopes.

An MME approach called Reliability Ensemble Averaging (REA) is adapted and used to the wake vortex predictions. To train the ensemble, a set of wake vortex measurements accomplished at the airports of Frankfurt (WakeFRA), Munich (WakeMUC) and at a special airport Oberpfaffenhofen was applied.

The REA approach can outperform the best member of the ensemble, on average, regarding the root-mean-square error. Moreover, the ensemble delivers reasonable uncertainty envelopes.

Reliable wake vortex predictions may be applicable for both tactical optimization of aircraft separation at airports and airborne wake vortex prediction and avoidance.

Ensemble approaches are widely used in weather forecasting, but they have never been applied to wake vortex predictions. Until today, the uncertainty envelopes for wake vortex forecasts have been computed among others from perturbed initial conditions or perturbed physics as well as from uncertainties from environmental conditions or from safety margins but not from the spread of structurally independent model forecasts.